Axial Seamount Teacher Science Resources


compiled by 2017 teacher-at-sea,
Teresa Atwill

Axial Seamount is the site of on-going research and it can be an exciting addition to science classrooms. It is the most active volcano in the Pacific Northwest (despite being underwater and offshore). It has erupted 3 times in the last 20 years, the most recent in 2015. Axial Seamount has the most advanced underwater volcano observatory anywhere on Earth and has numerous active hydrothermal vent fields.

Almost every summer several scientific and engineering research cruises head out to Axial Seamount to check on its status, collect more samples, and to maintain the monitoring instruments that send an array of geophysical, chemical and biological data to shore.

Help your students connect to this exiting ocean research! 

Presented here is information about Axial Seamount, the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and geology/oceanography for high school and middle school science classrooms as well as a few activities for elementary classrooms.

Five Super Cool things to do with your students related to our Northwest geology, Axial Seamount and ocean science.

Classroom Activities for various grade levels

Awesome videos!

Sources for background information about Axial Seamount

Five Super Cool things to do with your students related to our Northwest geology, Axial Seamount and ocean science

1. Download “Science on a Sphere” Lite. The sphere is on your computer and you use your mouse to rotate the planet. I recommend the plate tectonic overlay. Add earthquakes and volcanoes. It even has mini lessons.
https://sos.noaa.gov/sos-explorer/download-sos-explorer-lite/

2. Watch live video of seafloor venting at Axial Seamount from the OOI Cabled Array. Every 3-hours from 250 miles off the Oregon coast, and 1 mile underwater, live HD video streams of an actively venting hydrothermal chimney at the hours of 2:00, 5:00, 8:00, and 11:00 EDT & PDT day and night, for a duration of 14 minutes.
http://oceanobservatories.org/streaming-underwater-video/ 
Or if your timing is not right, you can watch time-lapse videos of the same vent at http://oceanobservatories.org/2017/09/new-computer-vision-routine-developed-for-camhd-time-lapse/ 

3. See what sea creatures live in the depths at Axial Seamount. Go to the Catalogue of the biology at Axial Seamount, which has pictures, descriptions, and videos of the animals. http://www.interactiveoceans.washington.edu/story/Biology_at_Axial_Seamount

4. Check out live data from the seafloor to see if Axial Seamount is erupting! During an eruption we expect to see a drop in the caldera floor as magma moves from the magma chamber to the surface. The last eruption was in April 2015 and since then the surface of the caldera floor has been rising as magma moves into the magma chamber below the surface. The real-time data of the caldera floor elevation is found at this website. https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/rsn/mj03f.html If an eruption is taking place, the elevation of the seafloor (red curve) would drop rapidly and the temperature (in green) would rise. Both could last days or weeks, depending on how long the eruption lasts. This is what we see at the beginning of the graph below when an eruption took place in April 2015 – the red curve dropped (seafloor elevation) and the green curve rose (temperature). Since then the seafloor has been rising back upward. When it gets back up to the level it was at before the last eruption it will be ready to erupt again. There is an Event Alarm Status page you can check too. https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/rsn/alarms.html 


5. Watch some of the videos in the Awesome Videos, including a Jason ROV dive to explore the 2015 Axial eruption lava flows (about 4 minutes long). The animal life seen on that video came along since the eruption. After that you may want to show your students this video of pillow lava being formed in an eruption in Hawaii. Turn your sound down…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdIUuUY0L9c
Videos

2015 Lava Flows
4 minutes of highlight videos from the 2015 Axial expedition, music plays
Ocean Observatory (OOI) trip to Axial Movie
28 minutes long, about why the OOI was created.  Focus on Axial seamount.
Kilauea Hawaii, lava flows to the sound of relaxing music (3 min)
This can be useful if your students do not know what land based basaltic lava looks like.
2017 Jason dive on the Axial caldera rim, rock samples from the 2015 eruption are collected
2 minutes long, watch Jason pick up rock samples, cool volcanic features.
2017 Axial expedition fluid sampling dive highlights
2 minutes long, cool animals and black smokers (hydrothermal vents)

Websites
Axial Cruise Blog 2017
Blog about the 2017 Research cruise with videos and blog posts.
NW Regional cabled array
Cabled observatory off the Oregon Coast that includes live instruments at the Axial Seamount.
Real time Axial earthquake data in graphical form.
Check out the graphs at the bottom that show what the April 2015 eruption earthquake record looks like compared to the EQ activity since. 

Classroom Activities for various grade levels



Grade 1– 5 activities
Designing underwater robots: art/writing activity
Show students these videos about designing underwater robots:

video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Omk4ZmRdxcg

and Stanford’s human shaped robot video:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=67&v=p1HmgP9l4VY)

Then have the students write or draw or in teams or on their own items they think should be on their underwater robot.  Have them explain why they included the different things they have added.


6-8 activities
Mount St. Helens lesson on volcanic deformation http://www.mshslc.org/activity/volcano-deformation/

This site has a worksheet, video and other interesting things about how land based volcanologists measure lava filling magma chambers.
Multibeam mapping excel graphing activity http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/edu/collection/media/hdwe-MMMapping78.pdf

Students make cool 3D maps of the seafloor with excel:


Part of “How We explore” Okeanos Explorer curriculum.

9 - 12 activities
Axial Seamount Inflation activity http://explorations.visualocean.net/geology/activity3.php

Website that explains how scientist use this information to predict eruptions at Axial:

https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/axial_blog.html

Students use an interactive web interface to study how scientists use inflation of the volcano to predict eruptions.
Mount St.Helens lesson on volcanic deformation http://www.mshslc.org/activity/volcano-deformation/ This site has a worksheet, video and other interesting things about how land based volcanologists measure lava filling magma chambers.

Axial Background Information

Sources for background information on Axial Seamount

1. Seattle Times article about the 2015 Axial Seamount eruption:
https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/science/new-window-opens-on-seafloor-just-in-time-for-eruption/

2. Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Axial Seamount background:
http://oceanobservatories.org/array/cabled-axial-seamount/

3. NOAA PMEL Axial Seamount expeditions site:
https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/eoi/axial_site.html

General Axial Resources

Here are some general resources about Axial Seamount:

(coming soon)